Multiple System Atrophy
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects various organ systems in the body. These systems are involved in controlling movement, balance, and coordination, while others regulate blood pressure, bladder function, and sexual function. MSA affects both men and women, typically between the ages of 50 and 60. It is very rare, affecting only 3 to 4 out of every 100,000 people. MSA is an “atypical” parkinsonism or Parkinson-plus syndrome because it shares symptoms with Parkinson’s Disease.
Common symptoms include slow movement, muscle stiffness, tremors, slurred speech, difficulties swallowing, walking difficulties, incoordination, lightheadedness or dizziness when standing, constipation, and problems controlling bladder function.
There are 2 main types of MSA:
- MSA-parkinsonism type: primarily affects movement (similar to Parkinson’s disease)
- MSA-cerebellar type: primarily affects balance and coordination
The cause of MSA is still unknown. It is not considered hereditary, does not spread from person to person, and is not clearly associated with any environmental exposures.
MSA is diagnosed through a combination of clinical history and neurological examination. There is no single test that can definitively diagnose MSA. Special blood pressure measurements and bladder scans can be helpful. A skin biopsy may show protein build-up in the skin associated with MSA. An MRI of the brain may also be useful in identifying changes specific to MSA. However, it is a difficult diagnosis to make and can only be definitively confirmed through an autopsy.
There is currently no cure for MSA. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving the quality of life. Medications used to treat Parkinson’s Disease may help relieve some motor symptoms. Staying well-hydrated and discontinuing blood pressure medications may be necessary to manage low blood pressure. Medications, regular toileting, and self-catheterization may be needed to manage bladder symptoms. Physical therapy and safe exercise are important for maintaining mobility and balance, while speech therapy may help with speech and swallowing difficulties.
National Resources:
Multiple System Atrophy Coalition
Website: multiplesystematrophy.org
Services: This organization provides support, education, and advocacy for those affected by MSA. They offer patient resources, host webinars, and organize MSA awareness campaigns. They also provide research funding aimed at finding a cure for MSA
Mission MSA
Website: missionmsa.org
Services: This organization focuses on raising awareness and providing support for individuals affected by MSA. They offer educational resources to help patients, families, and caregivers better understand the disease. They also provide access to support groups, information on MSA research, and advocacy initiatives aimed at increasing awareness and funding for MSA research. Additionally, Mission MSA promotes various events and campaigns to foster community engagement and support for those affected by MSA.
The MSA Awareness Shoe
Website: multiplesystematrophy.org/msa-shoe-campaign
Services: This unique awareness initiative encourages individuals to “walk” for MSA by taking part in the shoe campaign. The program allows patients, families, and supporters to get involved in spreading awareness about the condition.
Michael J. Fox Foundation
Website: michaeljfox.org/news/atypical-parkinsonism#multiple-system-atrophy
Services: While primarily focused on Parkinson’s Disease, this foundation offers research, support, and information relevant to movement disorders like MSA.
American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA)
Website: apdaparkinson.org
Services: Although primarily focused on Parkinson’s disease, the APDA offers educational resources and support services that may be helpful for those dealing with MSA. They have nationwide support groups, resources for caregivers, and educational materials.
Author Mick Reedy, MD, is a Movement Disorders Specialist with
Inova Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Center (IPMDC)